伊拉克離婚率上升，都是電視惹的禍？

04 伊拉克離婚率上升，都是電視惹的禍？

伊拉克離婚率近些年來節節攀升。據分析，引起伊拉克離婚率升高的原因，除了宗教和經濟因素以外，還有一個令人意外的原因——電視節目。

伊拉克的離婚率近年來一直穩步上升。人民網報道，伊拉克司法部新聞辦公室日前發布報告稱，2003年到2013年的10年時間里，離婚的案件有51.3萬件，占同期結婚的20%，僅去年1月份，結婚夫婦有20809人，而離婚的就多達5519人，約占結婚人數的四分之一。在人們心目中，伊斯蘭世界向來是保守的代名詞，因而伊拉克反常的離婚率引起了關注。

《經濟學人》最近就伊拉克離婚率攀高這一問題進行了深入的分析。他們認為，更嚴苛的教法和低迷的經濟形勢都是引起離婚率上升的主要原因。但除此之外，還有一個不可忽視的重要原因，那就是電視節目的影響。

More recently, the rise of Islamic State has deepened sectarian divisions, which may have led to the break-up of some of the country's many Sunni-Shia marriages.Poverty, too, plays a role.“A large number of divorces these days are men dropping their wives because they are not in a financial position to bear the burden of looking after a family,” Bassam al Darraji, a Baghdad-based sociologist, told a Gulf newspaper.

最近，伊斯蘭國的崛起加深了教派間的隔閡，使得一些建立在遜尼派穆斯林和什葉派穆斯林之間的婚姻破裂。貧窮也在其中起了作用?！叭缃窈芏嚯x婚都是由于男人經濟上無法承擔供養全家的重擔而甩了妻子?！卑透襁_的社會學家Bassam al Darraji告訴一家海灣國家報紙。

Another factor, some sociologists argue, is Turkish soap operas, which are very popular and often depict men treating their wives romantically.They also portray women who dump bad husbands positively, not as wicked harlots.All this may be giving Iraqi women ideas.Two-thirds of divorces are initiated by women.

而據一些社會學家稱，另一個因素，是土耳其肥皂劇。土耳其肥皂劇在伊拉克非常流行，在肥皂劇中，男人在對待妻子時總是十分浪漫。土耳其肥皂劇中也塑造了一些甩掉壞丈夫的正面女性形象，而非把她們視作邪惡的妓女。這一切都可能讓伊拉克婦女有了想法。三分之二的離婚是由女方提出的。

另據美國媒體Al Monitor報道，電視節目帶給伊拉克女性的影響不止于此。

In addition to rising divorce rates, Inssam, the owner of a gym, said she had noticed an increase in the number of women working out at the gym recently, a trend which she attributed to the influx of Western TV programs into the country after 2003.

除了攀升的離婚率，一家健身房的老板Inssam稱，她注意到最近來健身房鍛煉的女性正在增多，她認為這是2003年以來進入伊拉克的西方電視節目帶來的影響。

無獨有偶，據英國《電訊報》報道，巴西的一項報告也曾經將國內離婚率升高的矛頭指向電視節目：

“We find that exposure to modern lifestyles as portrayed on television, to emancipated women's roles, and to a critique of traditional values, was associated with increases in the share of separated and divorced woman across Brazil's municipal areas,”the report's authors said.What is more, they added,“Women living in areas covered by the Globo signal have significantly lower fertility.”

“電視上呈現了現代生活方式、解放的女性角色，以及對傳統價值觀的批判。我們發現巴西都市地區分居和離異女性比例的上升與接觸這些電視節目是有關的?！眻蟾娴淖髡叻Q。此外，他們還表示，“居住在環球電視網信號覆蓋地區的女性的生育率明顯更低?！?/p>

If the leading female character of a telenovela was divorced or separated, the divorce rate rose, by an average of 0.1 percentage point, Alberto Chong, one of the study's authors, said.At the same time, women in areas reached by the Globo signal had 0.6 per cent fewer children than those in areas with no signal, he added-an apparently small impact, but equating to millions fewer babies born over two decades.

如果一部電視劇中的女主角離婚或分居，離婚率就會平均升高0.1%，研究者之一Alberto Chong稱。同時，環球電視網信號覆蓋地區的女性相比無信號覆蓋地區的女性生育的子女要少0.6%，他補充道。盡管差距看起來十分微小，但卻導致過去二十年的新生嬰兒減少了上百萬。

詞匯總結

sectarian [sek'te?r??n]

adj.宗派的；偏狹的；黨派心強的

n.屬于宗派的人；宗派心強的人；宗派主義者

More recently, the rise of Islamic State has deepened sectarian divisions, which may have led to the break-up of some of the country's many Sunni-Shia marriages.

最近，伊斯蘭國的崛起加深了教派間的隔閡，使得一些建立在遜尼派穆斯林和什葉派穆斯林之間的婚姻破裂。

harlot ['hɑ?l?t]

n.娼妓

They also portray women who dump bad husbands positively, not as wicked harlots.

emancipate [?'m?ns?pe?t]

vt.解放；釋放

be associated with 與…有關系；與…相聯系

We find that exposure to modern lifestyles as portrayed on television, to emancipated women's roles, and to a critique of traditional values, was associated with increases in the share of separated and divorced woman across Brazil's municipal areas.

電視上呈現了現代生活方式、解放的女性角色，以及對傳統價值觀的批判。我們發現巴西都市地區分居和離異女性比例的上升與接觸這些電視節目是有關的。

telenovela 浪漫電視肥皂劇

If the leading female character of a telenovela was divorced or separated, the divorce rate rose, by an average of 0.1 percentage point.

如果一部電視劇中的女主角離婚或分居，離婚率就會平均升高0.1%。